Histopathological diagnosis in pediatric stomatology: A 43-year retrospective study of 1,480 cases from a Brazilian institution.

OBJECTIVES: the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of histopathological diagnoses in oral biopsied tissues obtained from a Brazilian pediatric population. METHODS: an analytical, cross-sectional retrospective study was performed with biopsy files of patients ≤14 years of age from a Brazilian oral pathology laboratory over a 43-year period. Data included sex, age, location, and diagnoses. The prevalence was calculated by means of relative frequency. Associations between sex, age groups and diagnoses were verified with Pearson's chi-square test. RESULTS: from 19,456 oral biopsies, 1480 (7.6%) were obtained from patients aged ≤14 years. Most children were 10-14 years of age (60.1%) and females (55.1%), with an overall M:F of 1:1.2. Children aged 0-9 years and males had a higher frequency of lesions of the oral mucosa, whilst the 10-14 year age group showed a higher frequency of cysts, odontogenic tumors, and salivary gland lesions. The latter was also significantly higher in females. Samples consisted mostly of soft tissue lesions (53%) obtained from the lower lip (30.7%). Intraosseous lesions showed a slight predilection for the mandible (21.2%). Salivary gland lesions (28.8%) was the most common diagnostic category, followed by reactive lesions (18.8%), and cysts (16.1%). Mucocele (33.5%), dentigerous cyst (6.7%), and fibrous hyperplasia (5.9%) were the top three histopathological diagnoses. Malignant lesions affected only 0.9% of this population. CONCLUSION: our results were similar to other retrospective studies. Due to the low frequency of oral biopsies in children, data on the prevalence of oral pathology in this population might aid in the clinical and histopathologic diagnoses.

Impactos da COVID-19 nos pacientes oncológicos: uma revisão sistemática / Impacts of COVID-19 on cancer patients: a systematic review

Introdução: Com a pandemia de coronavírus os pacientes oncológicos, que estão em tratamentos, nos quais a maioria são imunossupressores, se tornaram um grupo muito suscetível a formas graves da infecção. Logo, como forma de proteção e prevenção, a realização de exames de rastreio no ambiente hospitalar foi restringida, atrasando diversos diagnósticos e comprometendo a eficácia de tratamentos. Objetivos: Analisar a produção científica acerca do tema câncer e COVID-19, a fim de contribuir com informações sobre o assunto. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PubMed. Os descritores utilizados foram "câncer" AND "COVID-19" de acordo com o Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e seus equivalentes para a língua portuguesa, conforme os descritores de Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Foram incluídos artigos originais em inglês e português, sem delimitação temporal. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.606 artigos e, após utilizar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, nove foram incluídos para análise na revisão. Dentre os temas centrais abordados pelos estudos selecionados estão o impacto da pandemia em algumas áreas de acompanhamento do paciente oncológico, como: tratamento, telemedicina, diminuição de funcionários no atendimento ao paciente com câncer, diminuição dos ensaios clínicos, redução dos recursos financeiros e apoio psicológico a essa população. Conclusão: A pandemia afetou diretamente o modo de vida desse grupo, que sofreu com uma redução no atendimento médico e nos recursos dispostos a eles. Portanto, nota-se a necessidade de prestar um cuidado mais específico a esses pacientes em situação tão delicada durante a pandemia.

Introduction: During the coronavirus pandemic, oncological patients, who are undergoing treatments in which the majority are immunosuppressant, have become a group very susceptible to severe forms of the infection. Therefore, as a form of protection, their going to hospital environments were restricted, delaying diagnosis and compromising the effectiveness of treatments. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the scientific about the production of the theme cancer and COVID-19 in order to contribute with informations on the subject. Methods: Systematic review of literature using the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed. The following keywords were used: "cancer" AND "COVID-19" according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and their translation to the Portuguese. Studies in English and Portuguese from inception were included. Results: 1,606 studies were screened and 9 were included in the systematic review after using the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Among the central themes addressed by the selected studies are the pandemic impacts in areas of monitoring oncological patients, such as: treatment, telemedicine, reduction of employees in the care of cancer patients, reduction of clinical trials, reduction of financial resources, and psychological support to that population. Conclusion: The pandemic directly affected the way of life of this group, which suffered from a reduction in medical care and the resources available to them. Therefore, there is a need to provide more specific care to these patients in such a delicate situation during the pandemic.

Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: a systematic review / Isolamento social e seu impacto no desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of social isolation on children's and teenagers' development, with emphasis on the possible impacts over their physical and mental health. Data source: Review of the literature following the standards of PRISMA using the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases. The following key-words were used: "social isolation" and "child development", "quarantine" and "adolescent development" according to the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and their translation to the Portuguese. Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish from inception were included. Data synthesis: 519 studies were screened and 12 were included in the systematic review. Five of those focused the psychology and social issues, two of them the effects of pandemics on these issues; four studies reported on impacts on general health and two consequences over the hypothalamus- hypophysis - adrenal axis and the cognitive and social development. Conclusions: The review shows a strong association between social isolation and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Social isolation leads to higher levels of cortisol and worse cognitive development. Therefore, the mental and physical health of children and adolescents need a careful follow up by health professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do isolamento social para o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes, considerando consequências em médio e longo prazos, e entender possíveis impactos sobre a saúde mental e física. Fontes de dados: Revisão sistemática da literatura seguindo os parâmetros da lista Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e PubMed. Os descritores utilizados foram "social isolation" AND "child development", "quarantine" AND "child development", "social isolation" AND "adolescent development", "quarantine" AND "adolescent development" de acordo com o Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e seus equivalentes para a língua portuguesa, conforme os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Incluíram-se artigos originais em inglês, português e espanhol, sem delimitação temporal. Síntese dos dados: Identificaram-se 519 referências, e, após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 12 artigos foram analisados. Cinco abordaram a questão psicossocial (sendo dois sobre os efeitos das pandemias), quatro sobre os impactos na saúde em geral, dois sobre consequências no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal e um sobre o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social. Conclusões: Os artigos revisados evidenciaram forte relação entre isolamento social e maior incidência de sentimentos como ansiedade e depressão na população de crianças e adolescentes. Além disso, identificaram-se aumento nos níveis de cortisol e piora no desenvolvimento cognitivo dessa faixa etária. Logo, o acompanhamento da saúde mental e física desses jovens por profissionais da saúde deve estar presente durante e após a pandemia.

Social isolation and its impact on child and adolescent development: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the effects of social isolation on children's and teenagers' development, with emphasis on the possible impacts over their physical and mental health. DATA SOURCE: Review of the literature following the standards of PRISMA using the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases. The following key-words were used: "social isolation" and "child development", "quarantine" and "adolescent development" according to the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and their translation to the Portuguese. Studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish from inception were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: 519 studies were screened and 12 were included in the systematic review. Five of those focused the psychology and social issues, two of them the effects of pandemics on these issues; four studies reported on impacts on general health and two consequences over the hypothalamus- hypophysis - adrenal axis and the cognitive and social development. CONCLUSIONS: The review shows a strong association between social isolation and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Social isolation leads to higher levels of cortisol and worse cognitive development. Therefore, the mental and physical health of children and adolescents need a careful follow up by health professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Análise da concentração de flúor na água de abastecimento público de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Analysis of fluoride concentration in public supply water of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Introdução - A fluoretação da água de abastecimento público tem participação comprovada na redução dos índices de prevalência da cárie dentária, tendo sido considerada uma das dez grandes conquistas da saúde pública do século XX. Para garantir a eficácia preventiva da fluoretação, evitando a fluorose, é indispensável o controle operacional nas estações de tratamento de água, realizado por responsáveis pelo processo de fluoretação da água e o seu monitoramento, que em termos da Vigilância Sanitária, é conhecido como heterocontrole. Objetivos - Quantificar os teores de flúor na água de abastecimento público de Uberlândia-MG no período de nov/2015 a abr /2016 e comparar os valores encontrados com os dados do controle operacional (DMAE) e um laboratório de referência (UNICAMP) para construir um referencial teórico para a cidade. Material e Método - Foram coletadas 126 amostras nos meses avaliados, sendo 18 mensais, 9 para cada ETA (Estação de Tratamento de Água) e mais três pontos de coleta para a região abastecida de ambas as ETA. As amostras foram analisadas pela técnica eletrométrica, inicialmente na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) e depois foram encaminhadas para análise no laboratório de referência (UNICAMP). Através do teste Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) os dados foram comparados entre si e também com os dados de controle operacional. Resultados - Foram comparados os dados obtidos nas três análises para o fluoreto (UFU, UNICAMP e DMAE), no mesmo período e nas mesmas estações de tratamento de água. Observou-se diferença estatística entre os laboratórios (p<0.001), entre os momentos avaliados (p<0.001) e também interação entre laboratório e tempo (p<0.001). Somente para o mês de nov/2015 que os laboratórios não apresentaram médias diferentes. O valor médio de fluoreto na água é mais baixo quando avaliado pelo laboratório UFU, apenas no mês de abr/2016 a média ficou abaixo do limite mínimo. Apesar de termos encontrado diferenças entre os laboratórios, a média observada encontra-se de acordo com o recomendado. Conclusão - Os resultados deste estudo permitiram concluir que o flúor está presente na água de abastecimento do município de Uberlândia, apresentando variações mensais entre os pontos de coleta e em um mesmo ponto ao longo do período analisado, mas com teores dentro dos padrões recomendados pelo Centro Colaborador do Ministério da Saúde em Vigilância da Saúde Bucal (CECOL)/Ministério da Saúde quanto a concentração de fluoretos e a população tem sido assistida de forma segura.

Introduction - Fluoridation of public water supply has a proven role in reducing prevalence rates of dental caries, and has been considered one of the ten great public health achievements of the 20th century. To guarantee the preventive effectiveness of fluoridation, avoiding fluorosis, it is indispensable the operational control in the water treatment, carried out by those responsible for the process of water fluoridation and its monitoring, which in terms of Sanitary Surveillance, is known as heterocontrol. Objectives - To analyze the fluoride concentration in the public water supply of Uberlândia-MG from November 2015 to April 2016 and compare the values found with the operational control data (DMAE) and a reference laboratory (UNICAMP) to formulate a theoretical reference for the city. Material and Method - 126 samples were collected in the evaluated months, being 18 monthly, 9 for each ETA. The samples were analyzed by the electrometric technique, initially at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) and then sent to the reference laboratory (UNICAMP) for analysis. Through the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) test the data were compared to each other and to the operational control data. Results -. The data obtained in the three analyzes for fluoride (UFU, UNICAMP and DMAE) were compared in the same period and at the same water treatment stations. A statistical difference between the laboratories (p <0.001) was observed between the evaluated moments (p <0.001) and interaction (p <0.001). Only for the month of November / 2015 that the laboratories did not present different averages. The average value of fluoride in water is lower when evaluated by the UFU laboratory, only in the month of April / 2016 the average was below the minimum limit. Although differences were found between laboratories, the mean observed agreed with the recommended one. Conclusion - The results of this study allowed us to conclude that fluoride is present in the water supply in Uberlândia, showing monthly variations between collection points and at the same point throughout the analyzed period, but with levels within the standards recommended by CECOL / Ministry of Health regarding the concentration of fluorides and the population has been safely assisted.

Bisphenol A release from orthodontic adhesives measured in vitro and in vivo with gas chromatography.

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to quantify in vitro the Bisphenol A (BPA) release from 5 orthodontic composites and to assess in vivo the BPA level in patients' saliva and urine after bracket bonding with an orthodontic adhesive system. METHODS: For the in-vitro portion of this study, 5 orthodontic composites were evaluated: Eagle Spectrum (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, Wis), Enlight (Ormco, Orange, Calif), Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill), Mono Lok II (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, Colo), and Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). Simulating intraoral conditions, the specimens were immersed in a water/ethanol solution, and the BPA (ng.g-1) liberation was measured after 30 minutes, 24 hours, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month by the gas chromatography system coupled with mass spectrometry. Twenty patients indicated for fixed orthodontic treatment participated in the in-vivo study. Saliva samples were collected before bracket bonding and then 30 minutes, 24 hours, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after bonding the brackets. Urine samples were collected before bonding and then at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after bonding. The results were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and Tukey posttest, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: All composites evaluated in vitro released small amounts of BPA. Enlight composite showed the greatest release, at 1 month. Regarding the in-vivo study, the mean BPA level in saliva increased significantly only at 30 minutes after bonding in comparison with measurements recorded before bonding. CONCLUSIONS: All orthodontic composites released BPA in vitro. Enlight and Light Bond had, respectively, the highest and lowest BPA releases in vitro. The in-vivo experiment showed that bracket bonding with the Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive system resulted in increased BPA levels in saliva and urine. The levels were significant but still lower than the reference dose for daily ingestion.

Surgical-orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion with agenesis of lateral incisor and unerupted canine.

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic-surgical treatment was performed in patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion due to exceeding mandibular growth. Patient also presented upper and lower dental protrusion, overjet of -3.0 mm, overbite of -1.0 mm, congenital absence of tooth #22, teeth #13 and supernumerary impaction, tooth #12 with conoid shape and partly erupted in supraversion, prolonged retention of tooth #53, tendency to vertical growth of the face and facial asymmetry. The discrepancy on the upper arch was -2.0 mm and -5.0 mm on the lower arch. METHODS: The presurgical orthodontic treatment was performed with extraction of the teeth #35 and #45. On the upper arch, teeth #53, #12 and supernumerary were extracted to accomplish the traction of the impacted canine. The spaces of the lower extractions were closed with mesialization of posterior segment. After aligning and leveling the teeth, extractions spaces closure and correct positioning of teeth on the bone bases, the correct intercuspation of the dental arch, with molars and canines in Angle's Class I, coincident midline, normal overjet and overbite and ideal torques, were evaluated through study models. The patient was submitted to orthognathic surgery and then the postsurgical orthodontic treatment was finished. RESULTS: The Class III malocclusion was treated establishing occlusal and facial normal standards.

Surgical-orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion with agenesis of lateral incisor and unerupted canine

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic-surgical treatment was performed in patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion due to exceeding mandibular growth. Patient also presented upper and lower dental protrusion, overjet of -3.0 mm, overbite of -1.0 mm, congenital absence of tooth #22, teeth #13 and supernumerary impaction, tooth #12 with conoid shape and partly erupted in supraversion, prolonged retention of tooth #53, tendency to vertical growth of the face and facial asymmetry. The discrepancy on the upper arch was -2.0 mm and -5.0 mm on the lower arch. METHODS: The pre-surgical orthodontic treatment was performed with extractions of the teeth #35 and #45. On the upper arch, teeth #53, #12 and supernumerary were extracted to accomplish the traction of the impacted canine. The spaces of the lower extractions were closed with mesialization of posterior segment. After aligning and leveling the teeth, extractions spaces closure and correct positioning of teeth on the bone bases, the correct intercuspation of the dental arch, with molars and canines in Angle's Class I, coincident midline, normal overjet and overbite and ideal torques, were evaluated through study models. The patient was submitted to orthognathic surgery and then the post-surgical orthodontic treatment was finished. RESULTS: The Class III malocclusion was treated establishing occlusal and facial normal standards.

INTRODUÇÃO: o presente trabalho apresenta um tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico realizado em paciente portadora de má oclusão de Classe III esquelética com crescimento mandibular, protrusão dentária superior e inferior, trespasse horizontal de -3,0mm, trespasse vertical de -1,0mm, ausência congênita do dente 22, dentes 13 e supranumerários inclusos, dente 12 com forma conoide e parcialmente irrompido em supraversão, retenção prolongada do dente 53, tendência ao crescimento vertical da face e assimetria facial. A discrepância na arcada superior era de -2,0mm, e na inferior era de -5,0mm. MÉTODOS: o tratamento ortodôntico pré-cirúrgico foi realizado com extrações dos dentes 35 e 45. Na arcada superior foram extraídos os dentes 53, 12 e supranumerário, para efetuar o tracionamento do canino incluso. Os espaços das extrações inferiores foram fechados com mesialização do segmento posterior. Após o alinhamento e nivelamento dos dentes, foram avaliados por meio de modelos de estudo o fechamento dos espaços das extrações e o posicionamento correto dos dentes nas bases ósseas, a intercuspidação correta das arcadas dentárias, com molares e caninos em Classe I de Angle, linhas medianas coincidentes, trespasse horizontal e trespasse vertical normais e torques ideais. A paciente foi encaminhada para realização de cirurgia ortognática e, em seguida, o tratamento ortodôntico pós-cirúrgico foi finalizado. RESULTADOS: a má oclusão de Classe III foi corrigida, estabelecendo padrões oclusais e faciais normais.

The central giant cell granuloma in childhood: clinical case report.

This report reviews the literature involving the central giant cell granuloma. Diagnosis and treatment are presented. The article reports the case of central giant cell granuloma, affecting the anterior region maxillary of a child, whom a conservative treatment, with cryotherapy, helped the preservation of anterior permanent teeth germs.

Projeto de educação em sala de espera: uma proposta de promoção de saúde-avaliação de 1 ano / Education project in waiting room: one proposal of health assessment after one year

O projeto de educação em sala de espera foi proposto para atuar no primeiro nível de prevenção que é a promoção de saúde. Aproveitando o momento ocioso de pais e/ou acompanhantes presentes na sala de espera das clínicas de odontologia pediátrica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, pode-se avaliar o nível de conhecimento odontológico pré-existente e desenvolver uma metodologia capaz de levar conhecimento, instruir, motivar e desenvolver habilidades com a finalidade de reformular hábitos e, consequentemente, diminuir o índice de doenças bucais das crianças atendidas. A aceitação do projeto foi de 100 por cento e o nível de conscientização tem sido acompanhado ano a ano